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The first thing to look at is to see how people claim to be happy. For example, Montag's wife Mildred, despite overdosing on sleeping pills just the night before and being on the brink of death, adamantly denies overdosing and insists she is fine (Bradbury 19). Despite evidence that would convince any reasonable person, she still tries to convince her husband she is fine and happy. Another time a character is trying to put out an outward appearance of happiness is Mrs. Phelps, when she comes over to visit her friend Mildred. She, without being prompted by any suspicions of her unhappiness by others, just starts talking about how she is fine and not worried at all about being on her third husband, and her husband going off to war (Bradbury 94). Both Mrs. Phelps and Mildred, fairly average characters in the world of Fahrenheit 451, go out of their way to tell others they are happy.
However, despite protests of the thought of them being unhappy, people in 451 seem to be unhappy anyway. As Bradbury has Mrs. Phelps so casually say to Mildred, "[k]illed jumping off buildings, yes, like Gloria's husband last week," It shows she thinks it is a normal occurance, and speaks calmly of a suicide of her friend's husband just a week ago (94). The very same Mrs. Phelps who has a breakdown just minutes later simply because Montag reads a poem to her, showing her instability, not normally a sign of happiness (Bradbury 100). This is important, because it shows that characters in Fahrenheit 451 are not only unhappy, but trying to conceal that fact.